Describe Internal, External, Construct, and Conclusion Validity

Describe internal, external, construct, and conclusion validity in THREE SENTENCES OR LESS each. Then, in three sentences or less, describe the difference(s) between validity and reliability. Finally, juxtapose the different types of research design covered in the module.

1. respond to the following statement with a reference:

Internal Validity – is the degree to a point to where you can’t give or take that on no additional account variables excluding the one, and you’re learning it instigated the consequence.

External Validity – is the level to which the consequences of a study can be generalized to the world at large. Is the thought that there assume causal link can be concluded such a way that’s alternate to cause and effect.

Conclusion Validity – is basically whether that relationship is a sensible one or not, given the information. .

Construction Validity – alludes to the degree to which operationalization of a build (i.e., viable tests created from a hypothesis) do quantify what the theory says they do.

Reliability – The regularity of an assessment.

Validity – The firmness of your outcome.

Non-experimental research- is the name given to a study when an analyst can’t control, control, or modify the indicator variable or subjects

Quasi-experimental – Distinguish an examination bunch that is as comparative as could be expected under the circumstances to the treatment bunch as far as gauge (pre -intercession) attributes.

True experimental – Empirical research is the point at which a scientist can control the indicator variable and subjects to recognize circumstances and results from relationship.

References:

1. Trochim, W. (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base. Designs. Retrieved May 28, 2019, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php

2. Trochim, W. (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base. Types of Designs. Retrieved May 28, 2019, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/destypes.p…

2. Respond to the statement with a reference:

Internal validity

According to Trochim (2006) internal validity is only applicable in causal studies. Internal validity is how much confidence the researcher has that the independent variable is responsible for the changes to the outcome variable.

External validity

External validity is the process of being able to generalize the research results of a study to the entire population.

Construct validity

Construct validity is one way to examine how well a test is calculating what it is supposed to calculate.

Conclusion validity

Trochim (2006) defines conclusion validity as how practical are the assumptions reached about the data relationships. Basically, conclusion validity equates to the credibility or believability of the research.

Validity versus reliability

Validity refers to the accuracy of a test where reliability refers to the consistency of a test or measure. The two terms are not exclusive, they are independent of each other, as you can have one without having the other.

Compare and contrast research designs

Non-experimental research is often descriptive in nature as there are no control groups, random assignments, or manipulated variables. Non-experimental uses interpretation, observation, or interaction to form a conclusion.

Quasi-experimental, and true experimental research designs both involve manipulation of the independent variable but differ in that true experimental research utilizes random assignment into the control and experimental groups.

References

Trochim, W. (2006). Research methods knowledge base. Retrieved 27 May 2019, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/resques.php

3: Respond to statement with a reference

Internal Validity

Internal validity is a way to measure if research is sound. In other words, was the research done right? Internal validity refers to how well a piece of research allows you to choose amongst alternative explanations. (Trochim, 2006) states that internal validity is ultimately used in causal studies.

External Validity

External validity refers to how well statistics and theories from one setting apply to another. In other words, does the same thing that occurs in one setting take place in another. (Anderson and Bushman, 1997) suggests that “laboratory studies” and “real world” studies have the same process.

Construct Validity

Construct validity is the extent to which what is being measured performs in a way that is coherent with the theoretical hypothesis. That is, how well a test is measuring what is supposed to be measured.

Conclusion Validity

This type of validity specifies what type of relationship exists, and how believable it is. Essentially, how dependable or reasonable the research is.

Validity versus Reliability

Outside of statistical research, validity and reliability are used exchangeable. However, validity simply refers to how well a test or instrument is accurately measuring what it’s supposed to. Whereas, reliability refers to the stability or consistency of a test or measurement.

Compare and Contrast Research Designs

A true experimental design offers the most control over variables allowing researchers to manipulate the independent variable (IV). Therefore, is the best option to exploring causal relationships between independent and dependent variables. There are (3) main characteristics true experiments must have. (1) The research must involve random assignment of groups or conditions. (2) In the research the scientists must have control over manipulation of the independent variable. (3) There must be some control group or condition. Whereas, Quasi- experimental designs are characterized by no random assignment of participants or groups. They may lack a control group as well as manipulation over the independent variable. Non- experimental designs however, is defined as lacking all (3) characteristics of true experiments. This type of experiment lacks random assignment of participants, control over manipulation of the independent variable, and the presence of a control group or condition. In some cases, the non-experimental designs will have a control group, but lack the other two characteristics. A common type of non- experimental design is correlational studies. Which uses interpretation, observation, and interaction, in order to form a conclusion.

Reference(s)

  1. Bhattacherjee A. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. 2 nd ed. Open Access Textbooks; 2012.
  2. Cook DA, Beckman TJ. Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: Theory and application. Am J Med 2006; 119:166. e7-16.
  3. Trident University International. (2019). Research validity and research designs: Home. (p.1).RetrievedonMay312019from https://tlc.trident.edu/d2l/le/content/120417/viewContent/3035043/View?ou=120417
  4. Trochim W. (2006). Research methods knowledge base. Types of designs. Retrieved May 31, 2019 from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/destypes.php